Space-time is defined
as a mathematical model in which space and time are interwoven into one
single continuum. The space-time of our universe in interpreted to that of
a Euclidean space, with 4 dimensions, space
consisting of 3-dimensions and time is taken as the fourth dimension. A unique
position in a unique time in a space-time is defined as an event. Event is the
basic concept of space-time.
All
of us are familiar with the concept of planes i.e. 2-D plane, 3-D plane etc. A
point in a 2-D plane is denoted as (x,y) and that in a 3-D plane is
given as (x,y,z). Here x, y and z can be identified as the unique distance
between the point and x-axis for x, y-axis for y and z-axis for z.
An
event in space-time can also be defined similarly as (x,y,z,t), x, y and z here refers to the unique position
of the point in the space while t denotes the unique time of the event. This way the coordinates
specify where and when event occur. However the question which arises now
is why do we need to include time and make it complex?
In
classical mechanics, the non-relativistic model, time is considered as an
independent and is treated as universal with constant passage irrespective of
the motion of the observer. However in relativistic model, time is considered to
be inseparable from the three dimensions of space as it has been noticed that
time slows at higher speeds of a reference frame with respect to another reference
frame. This phenomenon is referred as time dilation.
However
the number of dimensions required for analyzing our universe is a question
among scientists. Speculative string theory predicts the number of dimensions
to be 10 or 26, with M-theory predicting 11 dimensions, 10- spatial and 1-
temporal). The widely accepted model is that of 3- spatial and 1- temporal,
which is space-time. Increase in number of dimensions from four would have significant
difference only in sub-atomic level.
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